Bya José Miguel Muñoz Gómez - Imirongo myinshi ya polyethylene irazwi cyane kubera ibikorwa byo kubika imyanda, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, amazi mabi, n'izindi nzego zikomeye. Ntabwo byaganiriweho ariko bikwiye gusuzumwa ni urwego rwo hejuru rwa karuboni yerekana ko HDPE geomembranes itanga inzitizi gakondo nkibumba ryuzuye.
1.5mm (60-mil) ya HDPE irashobora gutanga kashe isa na 0,6m yibumba ryiza cyane, ibumba ryomekeranye kandi ikabyara ubushobozi buri munsi ya 1 x 10‐11 m / sek (kuri ASTM D 5887). Geomembrane ya HDPE irenze urugero muri rusange ingamba zidashobora kwangirika no kuramba mugihe umuntu asuzumye inyandiko yuzuye yubumenyi, hitawe kubutunzi n'imbaraga zose mugukora ibumba na geomembrane ya HDPE bizakoreshwa nkurwego rwa bariyeri.
Uburyo bwa geosintetike butanga, nkuko amakuru abigaragaza, igisubizo cyangiza ibidukikije.
CARBON FOOTPRINT & HDPE GEOMEMBRANE IBIKURIKIRA
Ibice nyamukuru bigize HDPE ni monomer ethylene, ikaba polymerized kugirango ikore polyethylene. Catalizaires nyamukuru ni aluminium trialkylitatanium tetrachloride na oxyde ya chromium
Polimerisiyumu ya Ethylene na co - monomers muri HDPE iboneka mumashanyarazi imbere ya hydrogène ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 110 ° C (230 ° F). Ifu ya HDPE yavuyemo noneho igaburirwa pelletizer.
SOTRAFA ikoresha sisitemu ya calandred (gupfa gupfa) kugirango ikore ibanze ya HDPE geomembrane (ALVATECH HDPE) ivuye muri pellet.
Kumenyekanisha GHG hamwe na CO2 ibingana
Imyuka ya parike yashyizwe mu isuzuma ry’ibirenge bya karubone niyo GHG yambere yibanze muri protocole: dioxyde de carbone, metani, na okiside ya nitrous. Buri gaze ifite ubushobozi butandukanye bwa Global Warming Potential (GWP), ni igipimo cyerekana uburyo misa runaka ya gaze ya parike igira uruhare mubushyuhe bwisi cyangwa imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Dioxyde de Carbone mubisobanuro byatanzwe GWP ya 1.0. Kugirango ushiremo umubare wintererano ya metani na nitrous okiside ku ngaruka rusange, ubwinshi bwimyuka ya metani na nitroxyde ya nitrous igwizwa nimpamvu za GWP hanyuma bikiyongera kumyuka myinshi ya dioxyde de carbone kugirango ibare misa "dioxyde de carbone ihwanye" imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugira ngo iyi ngingo igerweho, GWPs yakuwe ku ndangagaciro zashyizwe ahagaragara n’ubuyobozi bwa EPA bwo muri Amerika 2010 “Raporo iteganijwe y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.”
GWPs kuri parike zasuzumwe muri iri sesengura:
Dioxyde de Carbone = 1.0 GWP 1 kg CO2 eq / Kg CO2
Methane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq / Kg CH4
Oxide ya Nitrous = 310.0 GWP 310 kg CO2 eq / kg N2O
Ukoresheje GWP ugereranije na GHGs, ubwinshi bwa karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone (CO2eq) yabazwe kuburyo bukurikira:
kg CO2 + (21.0 x kg CH4) + (310.0 x kg N2O) = kg CO2 eq
Ibitekerezo: Ingufu, amazi, n imyanda amakuru yo gukuramo ibikoresho fatizo (peteroli cyangwa gaze gasanzwe) binyuze mu gukora pellet ya HDPE hanyuma bigakora geomembrane HDPE:
Uburebure bwa mm 5 HDPE geomembrane, hamwe n'ubucucike 940 Kg / m3
Ikirenge cya HDPE ni 1.60 Kg CO2 / kg polyethylene (ICE, 2008)
940 Kg / m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2 / ha x 1.15 (gusiba no guhuzagurika) = 16.215 Kgr HDPE / ha
E = 16.215 Kg HDPE / Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2 / kg HDPE => 25.944 Kg CO2 eq / ha
Ubwikorezi bwo gutwara: 15,6 m2 / ikamyo, km 1000 uvuye muruganda rukora akazi
15 kg CO2 / gal dizel x gal / litiro 3,785 = 2,68 Kg CO2 / litiro
26 g N2O / gal dizel x gal / litiro 3,785 x 0.31 kg CO2 eq / g N2O = 0,021 kg CO2 eq / litiro
44 g CH4 / gal diee x gal / litiro 3,785 x 0.021 kg CO2 eq / g CH4 = 0.008 kg CO2 eq / litiro ya mazutu
Litiro 1 ya mazutu = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2,71 kg CO2 eq
Kuri - Ikamyo itwara ibicuruzwa byo mu muhanda:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021 ∙ EF CH4 + 0.310 ∙ EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035) + (0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq / ton - kilometero
Aho:
E = Umwuka wose wa CO2 uhwanye (kg)
TMT = Ton Miles Yagenze
EF CO2 = CO2 ibintu bisohora imyuka (0.297 kg CO2 / ton - kilometero)
EF CH4 = CH4 ibintu byangiza (0.0035 gr CH4 / ton - kilometero)
EF N2O = N2O ibyuka bihumanya (0.0027 g N2O / ton - kilometero)
Guhindura Ibipimo:
0,298 kg CO2 / ton - mile x 1,102 toni / toni x mile / 1,61 km = 0,204 kg CO2 / tonne - km
E = TKT x 0,204 kg CO2 eq / tonne - km
Aho:
E = Umwuka wose wa CO2 uhwanye (Kg)
TKT = tonne - kilometero Yagenze.
Intera kuva Uruganda rukora (Sotrafa) kugera kurubuga rwakazi (Hypothetical) = 1000 km
Uburemere bw'ikamyo ipakiye: 15,455 kg / ikamyo + 15,6 m2 x 1.5 x 0,94 / ikamyo = 37,451 kg / ikamyo
Ikamyo 641 / ha
E = (1000 km x 37,451 kg / ikamyo x tonne / 1000 kg x 0.641 ikamyo / ha) x 0,204 kg CO2 eq / tonne - km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq / ha
Inshamake ya Geomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Ikirenge cya Carbone
IBIMENYETSO BY'IBIKORWA BY'ibumba BIKORESHEJWE N'AMAFOTO YA CARBON YAYO
Ibumba rikozwe mu ibumba ryakoreshejwe mu mateka nk'urwego rwa bariyeri muri lagoons y'amazi n'ibikoresho byo kubika imyanda. Ibisabwa bisanzwe bigenzurwa kubumba bikozwe mubumba ni uburebure bwa metero 0,6 m, hamwe na hydraulic nini ya 1 x 10‐11 m / sek.
Inzira: Ibumba ryaturutse ku nguzanyo yacukuwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bisanzwe byubaka, binashyira ibikoresho ku makamyo ya tri - axle yajugunywe ku kazi. Buri kamyo ifatwa ko ifite ubushobozi bwa m3 15 zubutaka bworoshye. Hifashishijwe ikintu cyo guhunika kingana na 1.38, byagereranijwe ko hakenerwa amakamyo arenga 550 yubutaka kugira ngo hubakwe umubyimba w’ibumba wa 0,6m wubatswe hejuru yubuso bwa hegitari imwe.
Intera kuva kuguza isoko kurubuga rwakazi, birumvikana, urubuga - rwihariye kandi rushobora gutandukana cyane. Kugirango hagamijwe gusesengura, hafashwe intera ya kilometero 16. Ubwikorezi buva mubumba buturuka kandi aho akazi ni igice kinini cyibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibyiyumvo bya karuboni muri rusange ihinduka ryuru rubuga - impinduka yihariye irasuzumwa hano.
Inshamake y'ibumba ryometseho Liner Carbone Ikirenge
UMWANZURO
Mugihe HDPE geomembranes izahora itoranywa kugirango ikore mbere yinyungu za karuboni, ibarwa yakoreshejwe hano yongeye gushyigikira ikoreshwa rya geosintetike bitewe niterambere rirambye hamwe nibindi bisubizo byubaka.
Geomembranes nka ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 mm izasobanurwa kubirwanya imiti myinshi, imiti ikomeye, hamwe nubuzima bwigihe kirekire; ariko dukwiye kandi gufata umwanya kugirango tumenye ko ibi bikoresho bitanga urugero rwa karubone iri munsi ya 3x munsi yibumba ryakozwe. Nubwo wasuzuma ibumba ryiza hamwe ninguzanyo yatanzwe kuri kilometero 16 uvuye ahakorerwa umushinga, geomembranes ya HDPE iva mumirometero 1000 iracyarusha ibumba ryakozwe ku gipimo cya karuboni.
Kuva: https://www.geosynthetica.net/ikarubone-ibirenge-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-28-2022